(This image taken on April 25, 1998, shows the coccolithophore bloom in the Bering Sea. The greenish color is caused by
the high concentration of phytoplankton. Photo NASA. )
The timing and magnitude of phytoplankton blooms in subarctic ecosystems often strongly influence the amount of energy that is transferred through subsequent trophic pathways. In the eastern Bering Sea, spring bloom timing has been linked to ice retreat timing and production of zooplankton and fish.
A large part of the eastern Bering Sea
shelf ( ~ 500 km wide) is ice-covered during winter and spring. Four oceanographic
moorings have been deployed along the 70-m depth contour of the eastern Bering Sea
shelf with the southern location occupied annually since 1995, the two northern locations since 2004, and the remaining location since 2001. Chlorophyll a fluorescence
data from the four moorings provide 37 realizations of a spring bloom and 33 realizations
of a fall bloom.
We found that in the eastern Bering Sea, if ice was present after
mid-March, spring bloom timing was related to ice retreat timing (p < 0.001, df = 1,
24); if ice was absent or retreated before mid-March, a spring bloom usually occurred
in May or early June (average day 148, SE = 3.5, n = 11). A fall bloom also commonly
occurred, usually in late September (average day 274, SE = 4.2, n = 33), and its timing
was not significantly related to the timing of storms (p = 0.88, df = 1, 27) or fall
water column overturn (p = 0.49, df = 1, 27). The magnitudes of the spring and fall
blooms were correlated (p= 0.011, df = 28). The interval between the spring and fall
blooms varied between 4 to 6 months depending on year and location.
We present a
hypothesis to explain how the large crustacean zooplankton taxa Calanus spp. likely
respond to variation in the interval between blooms (spring to fall and fall to spring).
