The taxonomic data were obtained from eggs and larvae collected during ichthyoplankton surveys conducted from 1972 to 2015 by the Recruitment Processes Program. Data on distribution and abundance of eggs and larvae were based on surveys from 1972-2015, excluding 1973-1976. Collection data for cruises conducted up to 1988 can be found in Dunn and Rugen (1989), and in the AFSC ichthyoplankton cruise database (Rugen, 2008) for those cruises conducted from 1989 to 2008. The majority of the data are from samples collected using a MARMAP type bongo sampler (Posgay and Marak, 1980) with an inside diameter of 60 cm and a 0.333 or 0.505-mm mesh net. Before 1985, standard MARMAP oblique tows were made to 200 m following MARMAP sampling procedures (Smith and Richardson 1977). In 1985, sampling depth in the Gulf of Alaska was changed to near bottom in order to accurately determine the abundance of walleye pollock eggs and early larvae. Beginning in the early 1990s, annual larval surveys in the Gulf of Alaska began to sample to 100 m in late May because that is where the larvae are most abundant. Flowmeters suspended in the mouths of the nets of all ichthyoplankton gear were used to determine the volume of water filtered by each net. Data from 1-m Tucker trawls were used only for cruises in which Tucker trawls were the primary gear (13 cruises, 898 tows). A Sameoto neuston sampler (Sameoto and Jaroszyinski, 1969), with a mouth opening 0.3 m high x 0.5 m wide and a 0.505-mm mesh net, was used sporadically throughout the time series to collect eggs and larvae that reside in the upper surface waters.
Plankton samples were preserved in the field using a 5% formalin-seawater solution buffered with calcium carbonate chips or sodium borate; after 1983, fish larvae were transferred to 70% ethanol after formalin fixation. All fish eggs, larvae, and juveniles have been removed and identified to the lowest possible taxon since 1980 at the Plankton Sorting and Identification Center in Szczecin, Poland. Identifications are verified by the taxonomic team at AFSC using information found in Matarese et al. (1989) and supplemented by a number of more recent publications including those by Moser (1996), Busby (1998), and Orr and Matarese (2000), and Blood and Matarese (2011).
Purpose:
The Recruitment Processes Program at NOAA's Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC) has been collecting ichthyoplankton in the Northeast Pacific and Bering Sea since the early 1970s, resulting in an invaluable collection of specimens and a comprehensive dataset of locality, distribution, and abundance information for the early-life-history (ELH) stages of fishes in the area.
Access_Constraints: There are no legal restrictions on access to the data. They reside in public domain and can be freely distributed.
Use_Constraints:
User must read and fully comprehend the metadata prior to use. Applications or inferences derived from the data should be carefully considered for accuracy. Acknowledgement
of NOAA/NMFS/AFSC, as the source from which these data were obtained in any publications and/or other representations of these, data is suggested.
Contact_Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC) Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division (RACE)
Map of Atheresthes stomias does not show the full extent of its distribution in the Bering Sea. At present, Atheresthes stomias and A. evermanni, which co-occur in the Bering Sea, cannot be identified to the species level at some larval stages.
Abundance of target species collected with Bongo or Tucker gear. The number of individuals caught in each of the three sampling gears (i.e., bongo net, neuston net, and Tucker trawl) was standardized to number caught per 10 m2 of surface area. Catches from bongo and Tucker gear were standardized based on net mouth area and tow depth and length (Smith and Richardson, 1977). Some of the Tucker tows were depth stratified; that is, two nets sampled two contiguous depth intervals. In these cases, the catches per 10 m2 from both nets were summed to integrate over the depths sampled by both nets. Since both gears were fished at similar depth ranges, we assumed that bongo and Tucker gear sample essentially the same population, and thus allowed data from these two gears to be combined. This assumption is supported by Shima and Bailey (1994), who concluded that the fish-length-specific sampling effectiveness of these two gears is not significantly different. It was also assumed that no individuals occurred below the depth sampled by the gear, thus the number caught per 10 m2 of surface area represents the total number of individuals in the water column below a surface area of 10 m2.
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: field neuston
Methodology_Description:
Abundance of target species collected with neuston gear. The number of individuals caught in each of the three sampling gears (i.e., bongo net, neuston net, and Tucker trawl) was standardized to number caught per 10 m2 of surface area. Samples collected by neuston gear were standardized to number caught per 10 m2 of surface area based on net mouth width and tow length.
Species adult present or absent mainly from AFSC(Alaska Fisheries Science Center) groundfish bottom trawl surveys 1975-present. For some species other sources were used and for those species only adults present are shown.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: ICHSID
Attribute_Definition:
ICHBASE species code.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 147
Range_Domain_Maximum: 604
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: RACESID
Attribute_Definition:
RACEBASE species code.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 10010
Range_Domain_Maximum: 24001
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: LATICH
Attribute_Definition:
Latitude in decimal degrees of the center of the 25x25 kilometer cell where the sample took place.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 28.788708426
Range_Domain_Maximum: 73.066787395
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: LONICH
Attribute_Definition:
Longitude in decimal degrees of the center of the 25x25 kilometer cell where the sample took place.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -179.994999467
Range_Domain_Maximum: 179.997562763
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: FISHNET_ID
Attribute_Definition:
25x25 kilometer cell id.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 191
Range_Domain_Maximum: 59758
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: PRES_ABS
Attribute_Definition:
Species adults found or not in this cell. 1=Present, 0=Absent.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: COMMON
Attribute_Definition:
Species common name.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
unknown
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SPECIESNAME
Attribute_Definition:
Species scientific name.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
unknown
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: FAMILY
Attribute_Definition:
NA
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
unknown
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: ICHEGG
Entity_Type_Definition:
Species egg present or absent from ichthyoplankton surveys.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: FISHNET_ID
Attribute_Definition:
25x25 kilometer cell id.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 13579
Range_Domain_Maximum: 62899
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: LATICH
Attribute_Definition:
Latitude in decimal degrees of the center of the 25x25 kilometer cell where the sample took place.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 38.595714526
Range_Domain_Maximum: 74.521848241
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: LONICH
Attribute_Definition:
Longitude in decimal degrees of the center of the 25x25 kilometer cell where the sample took place.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -179.732027474
Range_Domain_Maximum: 179.961333374
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: PRES_ABS
Attribute_Definition:
Species eggs found or not in this cell. 1=Present, 0=Absent.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: ICHSID
Attribute_Definition:
ICHBASE species code.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 153
Range_Domain_Maximum: 290
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: COMMON
Attribute_Definition:
Species common name.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
unknown
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SPECIESNAME
Attribute_Definition:
Scientific name of fish eggs collected at a station.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
unknown
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: ICHHAUL
Entity_Type_Definition:
Ichthyoplankton survey haul information.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: CRUISE
Attribute_Definition:
Cruise designations contain the name of the ship, the year the cruise occurred, and the order of cruises that occurred on a particular ship. Ex. 4MF07 = 4th cruise that our program (FOCI or ECO-FOCI) had on the R/V Miller Freeman in 2007. Cruise designations changed in 2013; DY13-04 = R/V Oscar Dyson, 2013, 4th cruise for the ship (encompassing all NOAA programs).
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
unknown
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: STATION
Attribute_Definition:
Sequential order of stations. Older cruises may have used letters to denote separate hauls or to denote whether a station was part of a grid or a special study.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
unknown
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: HAUL
Attribute_Definition:
A distinct operation at a station. Multiple operations are listed as sequential numbers.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 29
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: GEAR
Attribute_Definition:
60cm bongo (Posgay and Marak, 1980), 1-m Tucker trawl , or Sameoto neuston gear (Sameoto and Jaroszyinski, 1969).
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
unknown
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: LATITUDE
Attribute_Definition:
Degrees N location of a station, recorded at the point when the bongo or Tucker gear is at its greatest depth or at the beginning of a neuston tow.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 38.66667
Range_Domain_Maximum: 74.45917
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: LONGITUDE
Attribute_Definition:
Degrees W location of a station, recorded at the point when the bongo or Tucker gear is at its greatest depth or at the beginning of a neuston tow. Displayed as a negative value because that is the convention used within ArcGIS (degrees E are positive values).
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -179.98
Range_Domain_Maximum: 179.56081
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: REGION
Attribute_Definition:
Geographic region where samples were collected; Arctic, Bering Sea (BS), Gulf of Alaska (GOA), off the coast of Washington, Oregon, or California (COAST)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
unknown
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: YEAR
Attribute_Definition:
Year recorded as GMT; recorded at the point when the bongo or Tucker gear is at its greatest depth or at the beginning of a neuston tow.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1972
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2010
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: MONTH
Attribute_Definition:
Month recorded as GMT; recorded at the point when the bongo or Tucker gear is at its greatest depth or at the beginning of a neuston tow.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 12
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: DAY
Attribute_Definition:
Day recorded as GMT; recorded at the point when the bongo or Tucker gear is at its greatest depth or at the beginning of a neuston tow.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 31
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: BOTTOM_DEPTH
Attribute_Definition:
For the bongo and Tucker gear, the depth of the water at the time at which the gear reaches the maximum depth during a tow. For neuston gear, the depth of the water at the start of the tow.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 8554
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: MAX_GEAR_DEPTH
Attribute_Definition:
For the bongo and Tucker gear, maximum gear depth equals 10 m off bottom (in waters less than 300 m depth) or 300 meters (in waters ? 310 m). Neuston gear is fished at the surface, so this field =0.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1202
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: ICHLARVAL
Entity_Type_Definition:
Larval catch averaged by 25x25 kilometer cell and year and then averaged again by cell.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: FISHNET_ID
Attribute_Definition:
25x25 kilometer cell id.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 13579
Range_Domain_Maximum: 62899
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: LATICH
Attribute_Definition:
Latitude in decimal degrees of the center of the 25x25 kilometer cell where the sample took place.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 38.595714526
Range_Domain_Maximum: 74.521848241
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: LONICH
Attribute_Definition:
Longitude in decimal degrees of the center of the 25x25 kilometer cell where the sample took place.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -179.732027474
Range_Domain_Maximum: 179.961333374
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: YEARCT
Attribute_Definition:
Number of years where cell was sampled.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 30
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: CT
Attribute_Definition:
Number of samples taken within the cell.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 333
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: CATCHPER10SQM
Attribute_Definition:
Abundance of target species collected standardized to number caught per 10 square meters of surface area. See methods. When GEAR = NEU then CATCHPER10SQM=CatchPer1000M3 * 0.0015 else CatchPer10M2. The data was aggregated by cell and year averaging CATCHPER10SQM. The data was aggregated again by cell, averaging the yearly CATCHPER10SQM averages.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 33437.70737
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: ICHSID
Attribute_Definition:
ICHBASE species code.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 147
Range_Domain_Maximum: 604
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: COMMON
Attribute_Definition:
Species common name.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
unknown
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: FAMILY
Attribute_Definition:
Species family name.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
unknown
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SPECIESNAME
Attribute_Definition:
Species scientific name.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
unknown
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: LARVAL_DOWNLOAD
Entity_Type_Definition:
Ichthyoplankton larval information by species in the download files.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: CRUISE
Attribute_Definition:
Cruise designations contain the name of the ship, the year the cruise occurred, and the order of cruises that occurred on a particular ship. Ex. 4MF07 = 4th cruise that our program (FOCI or ECO-FOCI) had on the R/V Miller Freeman in 2007. Cruise designations changed in 2013; DY13-04 = R/V Oscar Dyson, 2013, 4th cruise for the ship (encompassing all NOAA programs).
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
unknown
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: STATION
Attribute_Definition:
NA
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
unknown
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: HAUL
Attribute_Definition:
A distinct operation at a station. Multiple operations are listed as sequential numbers.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 29
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: GEAR
Attribute_Definition:
60cm bongo (Posgay and Marak, 1980), 1-m Tucker trawl , or Sameoto neuston gear (Sameoto and Jaroszyinski, 1969).
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
unknown
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: LATITUDE
Attribute_Definition:
Degrees N location of a station, recorded at the point when the bongo or Tucker gear is at its greatest depth or at the beginning of a neuston tow.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 38.66667
Range_Domain_Maximum: 74.45917
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: LONGITUDE
Attribute_Definition:
Degrees W location of a station, recorded at the point when the bongo or Tucker gear is at its greatest depth or at the beginning of a neuston tow. Displayed as a negative value because that is the convention used within ArcGIS (degrees E are positive values).
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -179.98
Range_Domain_Maximum: 179.56081
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: REGION
Attribute_Definition:
Geographic region where samples were collected; Arctic, Bering Sea (BS), Gulf of Alaska (GOA), off the coast of Washington, Oregon, or California (COAST)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
unknown
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: YEAR
Attribute_Definition:
Year recorded as GMT; recorded at the point when the bongo or Tucker gear is at its greatest depth or at the beginning of a neuston tow.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1972
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2010
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: MONTH
Attribute_Definition:
Month recorded as GMT; recorded at the point when the bongo or Tucker gear is at its greatest depth or at the beginning of a neuston tow.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 12
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: DAY
Attribute_Definition:
Day recorded as GMT; recorded at the point when the bongo or Tucker gear is at its greatest depth or at the beginning of a neuston tow.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 31
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: BOTTOMDEPTH
Attribute_Definition:
For the bongo and Tucker gear, the depth of the water at the time at which the gear reaches the maximum depth during a tow. For neuston gear, the depth of the water at the start of the tow.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 8554
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: MAXGEARDEPTH
Attribute_Definition:
For the bongo and Tucker gear, maximum gear depth equals 10 m off bottom (in waters less than 300 m depth) or 300 meters (in waters ? 310 m). Neuston gear is fished at the surface, so this field =0.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1202
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: ICHSID
Attribute_Definition:
ICHBASE species code.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 147
Range_Domain_Maximum: 604
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SPECIESNAME
Attribute_Definition:
Species scientific name.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
unknown
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: CATCHPER10M2
Attribute_Definition:
Larval catch entered when using bongo or tucker gear.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 131362.851
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: CATCHPER1000M3
Attribute_Definition:
Larval catch entered when using neuston gear
Attribute_Definition_Source:
AFSC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 134716.2855
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: CATCHPER10SQM
Attribute_Definition:
Abundance of target species collected standardized to number caught per 10 square meters of surface area. See methods. When GEAR = NEU then CATCHPER10SQM=CatchPer1000M3 * 0.0015 else CatchPer10M2. The data was aggregated by cell and year averaging CATCHPER10SQM. The data was aggregated again by cell, averaging the yearly CATCHPER10SQM averages.
Contact_Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC) Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division (RACE)